Economy & Energy
Year III - No 14 May/June 1999

ollaoro.gif (978 bytes) Main Page
ollaoro.gif (978 bytes)New Petroleum Era
ollaoro.gif (978 bytes)Brazilian Energy Sector 1998/1999
ollaoro.gif (978 bytes)Brazilian Energy Balance
ollaoro.gif (978 bytes)e&e links
Following the Brazilian Economy:
ollaoro.gif (978 bytes)Brazilian Public Debt
ollaoro.gif (978 bytes)Internationl Reserves
Graphical Edition:
MAK
Editoração Eletrônic
a
marcos@rio-point.com
Revised:
Thursday, 19 February 2004.

http://ecen.com

The The Brazilian Energy Balance 1998/1997

  Production: Coordenação Geral de Informações Energéticas
Secretaria de Energia 
Ministério de Minas e Energia (*)
Contacts: João Antônio Moreira Patusco
patusco@mme.gov.b
r

For Download:
Brazilian Energy Balance 1998  
0.98 MB Excel File


Synopsis - 1997
BRAZIL'S GENERAL DATA

Area (km2)

8511965

     
Demographic Density (inhab/km2)

18,8

     
Urban Population - 1990 (%)

73,9

     
Exchange Rate - 1997

average - R$/US$

1,078

     
Currency

Real

     
Official Language

Portuguese

     

SPECIFICATION

UNIT

1996

1997

%

Population

10^6

157.8

159.8

1.27

Gross Domestic Product - GDP

10^9US$(96)

776.5

800.0

3.03

Per Capita

US$(96)

4921

5006

1.7

Domestic Energy Supply

10^6 toe

230.6

242.8

5.3

Per Capita

toe

1461

1519

4.0

Per GDP

koe/US$

297.0

303.5

2.2

Final Energy Consumption

10^6 toe

209.0

221.8

6.1

Electricity Supply

TWh

327.8

348.5

6.3

Electricity Generation

TWh

291

308

5.8

Petroleum Production (+)NGL

10^3b/d

809

869

7.4

Total Energy Imports

10^3 boe/d

1285

1461

13.7

Total Energy Exports

10^3 boe/d

83

93

11.9

Total Consumption
Petroleum Derivatives

10^3 boe/d

1484

1599

7.7

Gasoline e Alcohol

10^3 b/d

523

539

3.1

Diesel Oil

10^3 b/d

536

569

6.1

Fuel Oil

10^3 b/d

236

247

4.7

Jet Fuel

10^3 b/d

53

59

12.5

Total Electricity

TWh

278

296

6.4

Industrial Electricity

TWh

130

136

4.6

Residential Electricity

TWh

69

74

7.3

Commercial Electricity

TWh

35

38

9.8

Natural Gas

10^6 m3/d

16.3

17.5

7.7

Total Petroleum Reserves(+)

Natural Gas(+)NGL

 

10^9 boe

 

14.1

 

16.9

 

19.9

Average Prices - US$(1997)
Petroleum (CIF)

/b

20.3

18.8

-7.4

Gasoline

/boe

129.3

145.8

12.8

Diesel Oil

/boe

69.1

70.8

2.5

Fuel Oil

/boe

32.7

30.4

-7.0

Alcohol

/boe

165.3

194.0

17.4

Natural Gas (Industry)

/boe

25.2

23.4

-7.1

Firewood

/boe

19.9

18.4

-7.5

Charcoal

/boe

19.8

21.5

8.6

Residential Electricity

/boe

267.8

264.5

-1.2

Industrial Electricity

/boe

110.3

103.8

-5.9

Production
Pig-Iron and Steel

10^6 t

25.2

26.2

3.6

Ferro-Alloys

10^6 t

1.00

0.87

-12.9

Aluminium

10^6 t

1.20

1.19

-0.8

Cement

10^6 t

34.6

38.1

10.1

Chemical Products

10^6 t

26.9

28.9

7.5

Paper and Pulp

10^6 t

12.4

12.8

3.4

Electrified Residences

%

93.0

93.6

0.6

Houses With LPG/City Gas

%

95.2

95.5

0.3

ENERGY HIGHLIGHTS

In 1997, the final energy consumption grew by 6.1%, showing an elasticity of 2.0 in relation to the GDP, an increase of 0.25 in relation to the elasticity of 1996. This increase in elasticity is due, in part, to an increase in the consumption of electricity in the Commercial and Residential Sectors and to an increase in the consumption of aviation and diesel kerosene in the Transportation Sector

The total reserves (measured, indicated and inferred) of petroleum, NGL and natural gas, reached 16.9 billion barrels equivalent to petroleum-boe, in December of 1997, a volume 19.9% greater than 1996. Considering only the measured reserves of petroleum, 7 billion barrels, it corresponds to about 22 years of the current production.

The average production of petroleum was 843 thousand barrels/day, in 1997, (869 thousand, if including NGL), growing 7.3% in relation to 1996. The consumption of petroleum products increased to 7.7% (1599 thousand boe/day) which includes the consumption of the Petroleum Industry itself). In the same year, imports of crude oil and petroleum products reached 852 thousand boe/day and exports reached 89 thousand boe/day. In this context the dependence on external crude oil and petroleum products remained at 46%, equal to that of 1996.

As in 1996, the consumption of aviation kerosene and automotive gasoline showed significant growth rates of 12.5% and 8.9% respectively. Considering the total automotive consumption of gasoline and alcohol, there is a strong decrease in the growth rates, from 10.7% in 1996 to 3.6% in 1997. Thus, after three years of elevated consumption growth rates and attending to the repressed demands resulting from the recession of 1990/93, gasoline consumption returned to a performance closer to that of the economic growth.

The consumption of automotive alcohol reached 13.3 million m3 in 1997, 3.9% below the consumption in 1996. As the sales volume of new alcohol-fueled cars remained below the amount of scrapped cars, thus causing a reduction and aging of the fleet, the consumption of hydrated alcohol decreased by 8.7 in 1997.

Although the consumption of anyhydrous alcohol matched the consumption growth of gasoline, it was not enough to avoid the formation of alcohol stocks greater than 2 million m3.

During 1997, 1.9 million new automobiles were sold to the domestic market implying the consumption of around 1.7 million m3 of gasoline and alcohol, according to estimates. In the same year were consumed 0.9 million m3 of gasoline and alcohol more than in1996, a quantity that is inferior to the demands of the new fleet. As such, the calculations indicate that there was a 2.5% reduction in the average consumption per vehicle in 1997, reversing the situation verified in 1996 when there was an increase of approximately 5.1%.

The consumption of electricity increased 6.4% in 1997, (elasticity of 2.1 in relation to the GDP), driven by the performance of the Commercial Sector (9.8%) and the Residential Sector (7.3%), which was much superior to the performance of the Industrial Sector (4.6%). Althought growth was not as strong, residential consumption continued to be driven by new connections and by the purchase of durable consumer goods, mainly by the lower income families, whose purchasing power increased as the rate of inflation decreased. In Commerce, the consumption of electricity reflected the expansion and modernization of services and the more intensive use of air conditioners, as well as the opening of large shopping centers.

Despite an increase of 1.4 million new residential accounts in 1997, the average consumption by account showed growth of 2.9% (about 175 KWh/month) which is still noteworhty but is declining in relation to previous years (4.7% in 1996 and 8.8% in 1995).

It is relevant to mention that for the fourth consecutive year, the consumption of electricity by the Industrial Sector (excluding the Energy Sector) showed an elasticity of less than one in relation to the Industrial Added Value.

In 1997, some energy intensive industries showed physical production growth rates below the GDP, such as Ferro-Alloys (-12.9%) and Aluminum (-0.8%) while others showed performances well above the GDP, such as Cement (10.1%) and Chemical (7.5%). The most electricity-intensive industries were the ones that grew less, which explains the low growth in electricity consumption. In this context, the total energy consumption by the Industrial Sector (excluding the Energy Sector) showed a 4.6% growth in relation to 1996, with 1.5 elasticity in relation to the GDP and 0.77 to the Industrial Added Value - AV.

ECONOMIC HIGHLIGHTS

The Brazilian Gross Domestic Product - GDP - grew 3.03% in 1997, 0.12 above 1996’s growth of 2.91%. Considering an annual population growth of 1.3%, the Brazilian GDP per capita grew 1.8% in 1997.

Contrary to previous years, when the economic growth was led by the Agricultural and Service Sectors, the 3.03% GDP growth was strongly influenced by a 5.8% growth in the Industrial Sector. The Agricultural Sector, showing a growth of only 1.15% in 1997, sustained a crop growth of 2.8% which is an inverse situation compared to previous years (-0.8% in 1996 and 0% in 1995). Along the same lines, animal production also showed an inverse relation to previous years (-2.4% in 1997 against 7.8% in 1996 and 12% in 1995).

The low growth rate in the Service Sector (1.27%) was influenced, in great part, by the 0.62% performance in Communications and by the 0.37% performance in the area of Financial Institutions and Other Services. The Industrial Sector (inclunding the Energy Sector) grew 5.8% in 1997, a noteworthy result and well above the increase in 1996 (2%). In this sector, the high performance of Civil Construction (8.5%) and Mineral Extraction (7.3%) contrasted with the low performance of the Transformation Industry (4.1%)

(*) BRAZILIAN MINES AND ENERGY MINISTERY